Pediatric Oncology Metabolism

In children with cancer, suboptimal nutrition states are common consequences of the disease and its treatment. These nutrition states have been attributed to a number of etiologies dependent on the patient’s tumor type and treatment and are associated with increased morbidity and mortality. Interventions vary from psychosocial to pharmacological and surgical management. Further research is necessary to understand the epidemiology and etiology of these nutrition states. Of great importance is the development and implementation of effective interventions to optimize nutritional status among children with cancer during and after therapy. It remains difficult to derive a clear understanding of the prevalence of malnutrition because most studies have focused on children with leukemia where generally small sample sizes have been used and various methods have been employed to assess nutritional status. The etiologies of weight loss and malnutrition at diagnosis are variable; possible causes are energy deficiency and/or inflammation leading to loss of fat and fat free mass. Table I lists factors associated with malnutrition risk in children with cancer based on tumor type, treatment modality, and patient demographics

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